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Hydrogen vehicles - different vehicles using hydrogen as fuel. This may be the vehicles with both internal combustion engines, and with hydrogen fuel cells.
The reasons for interest in hydrogen transport

Currently, various transport is responsible for 23% of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Experts estimate that within twenty years, this figure will have doubled and will continue to grow as developing countries will increase the number of private vehicles. In addition to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are emitted nitrogen oxides, responsible for the increase in asthma, sulfur oxides, responsible for acid rain, etc. 

In maritime transport, are often used low-grade, cheap grade of fuel. Maritime transport emits sulfur oxides, 700 times more than road transport. According to the International Maritime Organization emissions of CO2 merchant fleet reached 1.12 billion tons per year. 

Another reason to raise interest in hydrogen transport is the increase in energy prices, shortage of fuel, the desire of various countries to achieve energy independence.
Internal combustion engine
Engl. Hydrogen internal combustion engine (HICE). Hydrogen internal combustion engine.

Hydrogen can be used as fuel in conventional internal combustion engine. In this case, reduces engine power up to 82% -65% compared with gasoline. If you make a slight change in the ignition system, engine power is increased to 117% compared with gasoline counterpart, but then significantly increased output of nitrogen oxides due to the higher temperature in the combustion chamber. In addition, the hydrogen at temperatures and pressures that are created in the engine is capable of reacting with the materials and engine lubrication, resulting in faster wear. Normal engine for hydrogen fuel is not suitable, because Hydrogen is easily ignited by the heat of the exhaust manifold. Typically, for work on hydrogen rotary engine is used, because its exhaust manifold substantially removed from the inlet. 
History

The inventor Francois Isaac de Rivaz (Fr. fr: François Isaac de Rivaz 1752-1828) in 1806 created the internal combustion engine. Engine powered by hydrogen, which the inventor produced by electrolysis of water. Nevertheless, in most experimental DIC other inventors used mostly illuminating gas. Gasoline internal combustion engines has been used since 1870.

In besieged Leningrad petrol was in short supply, but hydrogen was present in large quantities. Military equipment Boris Shelisch suggested the use of air-hydrogen mixture of balloons. On the hydrogen internal combustion engines was transferred winches balloons. During the siege in the city on this fuel has about 600 cars.
Modern applications

Currently, limited quantities are available:
BMW Hydrogen 7. Bitoplivny (gasoline / hydrogen) car. Use liquid hydrogen;
Ford E-450. Bus (see Bus Ford);
Mazda RX-8 hydrogen. Bitoplivny (gasoline / hydrogen) car.
Urban low-floor buses MAN Lion City Bus.

The Berlin transport company BVG (Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe) in November 2009 acquired 14 MAN buses with internal combustion engines that run on hydrogen. 

Boeing Company is developing unmanned aircraft high altitude and flight duration (High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). The airplane is HICE production Ford Motor Company.
Mixtures of traditional fuels with hydrogen

The widespread introduction of hydrogen fuel constrained by the higher price of hydrogen as compared with the usual fuels, lack of necessary infrastructure. An intermediate solution could be a mixture of traditional fuels with hydrogen. For example, HCNG - a mixture of hydrogen (the price at Wholesale deliveries of about 2 $ per kg) with natural gas (the price at Wholesale deliveries of about 20 cents per kilogram, data for 2004).. 

Installing, producing hydrogen from distilled water on board the vehicle. More hydrogen is added to diesel fuel. Such plants are being introduced for large trucks and mining equipment. This helps reduce fuel consumption, increase engine power, reduce emissions. 
Aviation

In the early 1980's, in the design office Kuznetsova (Samara) has developed aircraft engines designed for passenger planes Tupolev. These engines running on hydrogen, were bench and flight tests. Unfortunately, certain events in Russia in the late 1980's - early 1990's are not allowed to bring the work on hydrogen aircraft engines Kuznetsova to their broad applications in transport and passenger aircraft. To date, survived several conserved bodied aircraft engines Kuznetsova in warehouses Bureau in Samara. 

In the late 1980's, Vladimir L. Freistadt the Research Enterprise for Hypersonic Systems (NIPGS) proposed the concept of a hypersonic vehicle "Ajax". Hydrogen is produced on board from the hydrocarbons.

April 3, 2008 For Boeing conducted flight tests of light two-seat Dimona aircraft propulsion fuel cell. 
Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Hydrogen fuel cells can produce electricity for the electric motor on board the vehicle, replacing the internal combustion engine, or be used for catering.